diff --git a/src/graphql/execution/executor.py b/src/graphql/execution/executor.py
index 1cb594b8..ae4faa8f 100644
--- a/src/graphql/execution/executor.py
+++ b/src/graphql/execution/executor.py
@@ -399,7 +399,9 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913, PLR0917
         self.pending_incremental_futures = set()
         self.background_futures = set()
         self.async_work_finished_hook_task = None
-        self._relevant_sub_fields: dict[tuple, CollectedFields] = {}
+        self._relevant_sub_fields: dict[
+            tuple, tuple[tuple[FieldDetails, ...], CollectedFields]
+        ] = {}
         self._stream_usages: RefMap[FieldDetailsList, StreamUsage] = RefMap()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -2124,23 +2126,25 @@ def collect_subfields(
         # we do not use the id of the list, since we want to hit the cache for all
         # lists of the same nodes, not only for the same list of nodes. Also, the list
         # id may even be reused, in which case we would get wrong results from cache.
+        # Keep the items alive in each entry too, so their ids cannot be reused.
         key = (
             (return_type, id(field_details_list[0]))
             if len(field_details_list) == 1  # optimize most frequent case
             else (return_type, *map(id, field_details_list))
         )
-        collected_fields: CollectedFields | None = relevant_sub_fields.get(key)
-        if collected_fields is None:
-            collected_fields = collect_subfields(
-                self.schema,
-                self.fragments,
-                self.variable_values,
-                self.operation,
-                return_type,
-                field_details_list,
-                self.hide_suggestions,
-            )
-            relevant_sub_fields[key] = collected_fields
+        cached = relevant_sub_fields.get(key)
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached[1]
+        collected_fields = collect_subfields(
+            self.schema,
+            self.fragments,
+            self.variable_values,
+            self.operation,
+            return_type,
+            field_details_list,
+            self.hide_suggestions,
+        )
+        relevant_sub_fields[key] = (tuple(field_details_list), collected_fields)
         return collected_fields
 
 
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_executor.py b/tests/execution/test_executor.py
index 7f05d10d..9043aba8 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_executor.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_executor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+import gc
 from collections.abc import Awaitable
 from typing import Any, cast
 
@@ -1367,6 +1368,48 @@ def memoizes_collect_subfields_results():
 
         assert third is not first
 
+    def retains_memoization_keys_until_execution_finishes():
+        released: list[str] = []
+
+        class TrackedFieldDetails(FieldDetails):
+            def __del__(self) -> None:
+                released.append(self.node.name.value)
+
+        item_type = GraphQLObjectType(
+            "Item",
+            {"key": GraphQLField(GraphQLString), "name": GraphQLField(GraphQLString)},
+        )
+        schema = GraphQLSchema(
+            GraphQLObjectType(
+                "Query", {"a": GraphQLField(item_type), "b": GraphQLField(item_type)}
+            )
+        )
+        document = parse("{ a { key } b { name } }")
+        executor = Executor.build(schema, document)
+        assert isinstance(executor, Executor)
+        a_node, b_node = executor.operation.selection_set.selections
+        assert isinstance(a_node, FieldNode)
+        assert isinstance(b_node, FieldNode)
+
+        fields: list[FieldDetails] = [TrackedFieldDetails(a_node, None)]
+        first = executor.collect_subfields(item_type, fields)
+        assert executor.collect_subfields(item_type, list(fields)) is first
+        fields.clear()
+        gc.collect()
+        assert released == []
+
+        fields.append(TrackedFieldDetails(b_node, None))
+        second = executor.collect_subfields(item_type, fields)
+        assert list(first.grouped_field_set) == ["key"]
+        assert list(second.grouped_field_set) == ["name"]
+        fields.clear()
+        gc.collect()
+        assert released == []
+
+        del executor
+        gc.collect()
+        assert sorted(released) == ["a", "b"]
+
 
 def describe_base_executor_without_incremental_delivery():
     def deduplicates_errors_at_nulled_positions():